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Within the primary motor cortex, motor neurons are arranged in an orderly manner-parallel to the structure of the physical body, but inverted. It is a neurological “map” of the anatomical divisions of the body. The “motor homunculus” is a theoretical physical representation of the human body within the brain. Motor Homunculus: The motor homunculus is a theoretical visualization of the locations in the cortex that correspond to motor and sensory function in the body. These layers of neurons in the function like mini microprocessors, and it is their job to organize the sensations and interpret them in the process of perception. These neural impulses enter the cerebral cortex of the brain, which is made up of layers of neurons with many inputs. Specialized cells in the sensory receptors convert the incoming energy (e.g., light) into neural impulses. Rod and cone receptors in the retina of the eye perceive light cilia in the ear perceive sound chemical receptors in the nasal cavities and mouth perceive smell and taste and muscle spindles , as well as pressure, vibration, heat and pain receptors in the skin, perceive the many sensations of touch.
#Polymodal perception speech perception definition skin#
These sensory receptors include the eyes, ears, mouth, nose, hands, and feet (and the skin as a whole). Sensory information (such as taste, light, odor, pressure, vibration, heat, and pain) is perceived through the body’s sensory receptors.
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Both kinesthesia and the vestibular senses help us to balance. Kinesthesia is the perception of the positioning of the parts of the body, commonly known as “body awareness.” Vestibular senses detect gravity, linear acceleration (such as speeding up or slowing down on a straight road), and rotary acceleration (such as speeding up or slowing down around a curve). Two other senses, kinesthesia and the vestibular senses, have become widely recognized by scientists. There are five classical human senses: sight, sound, taste, smell, and touch.
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The occipital lobe is activated during visual stimulation, for example. 1.1.2 – The SensesįMRI and the senses: This fMRI chart shows some of the neural activation that takes place during sensation. Perception of the same senses may vary from one person to another because each person’s brain interprets stimuli differently based on that individual’s learning, memory, emotions, and expectations. In other words, senses are the physiological basis of perception. Sensation is input about the physical world obtained by our sensory receptors, and perception is the process by which the brain selects, organizes, and interprets these sensations. Sensation and perception are two separate processes that are very closely related. Sensation involves the relay of information from sensory receptors to the brain and enables a person to experience the world around them. Image from event-horizon / Creative Commonsġ – Introduction to Sensation 1.1 – Introduction